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本章讲解如何从一张典型的 HTML4 页面迁移至典型的 HTML5。
本章演示如何把一张已有的 HTML4 页面转换为 HTML5 页面，在不破坏如何原始内容和结构的情况下。
注释：您可以使用相同的技巧从 HTML4 以及 XHTML 迁移至 HTML5。
| 典型的 HTML4 | 典型的 HTML5 |
|---|---|
| <div id="header"> | <header> |
| <div id="menu"> | <nav> |
| <div id="content"> | <section> |
| <div id="post"> | <article> |
| <div id="footer"> | <footer> |
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"><title>HTML4</title><style> body {font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:0.8em;} div#header,div#footer,div#content,div#post {border:1px solid grey;margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;background-color:white;} div#header,div#footer {color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;} div#content {background-color:#ddd;} div#menu ul {margin:0;padding:0;} div#menu ul li {display:inline; margin:5px;}</style></head><body><div id="header"> <h1>Monday Times</h1></div><div id="menu"> <ul> <li>News</li> <li>Sports</li> <li>Weather</li> </ul></div><div id="content"><h2>News Section</h2><div id="post"> <h2>News Article</h2> <p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum.</p> <p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum.</p></div><div id="post"> <h2>News Article</h2> <p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum.</p> <p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum.</p></div></div><div id="footer"> <p>© 2014 Monday Times. All rights reserved.</p></div></body></html>修改文档类型，从 HTML4 doctype：
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
修改为 HTML5 doctype：
<!DOCTYPE html>
修改编码信息，从 HTML4：
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
改为 HTML5：
<meta charset="utf-8">
所有现代浏览器都支持 HTML5 语义元素。
此外，您可以“教授”老式浏览器如何处理“未知元素”。
为 Internet Explorer 支持而添加的 shiv：
<!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script><![endif]-->
注释：请在 HTML5 浏览器支持中阅读更多有关 shiv 的知识。
请看已有的 CSS 样式：
div#header,div#footer,div#content,div#post { border:1px solid grey;margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;background-color:white;}div#header,div#footer { color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;}div#content { background-color:#ddd;}div#menu ul { margin:0;padding:0;}div#menu ul li { display:inline; margin:5px;}Duplicate with equal CSS styles for HTML5 semantic elements:header,footer,section,article { border:1px solid grey;margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;background-color:white;}header,footer { color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;}section { background-color:#ddd;}nav ul { margin:0;padding:0;}nav ul li { display:inline; margin:5px;}把 id="header" 和 id="footer" 的 <div> 元素：
<div id="header"> <h1>Monday Times</h1></div>...<div id="footer"> <p>© 2014 W3Schools. All rights reserved.</p></div>
修改为 HTML5 语义元素 <header> 和 <footer>：
<header> <h1>Monday Times</h1></header>...<footer> <p>© 2014 W3Schools. All rights reserved.</p></footer>
把 id="menu" 的 <div> 元素：
<div id="menu"> <ul> <li>News</li> <li>Sports</a></li> <li>Weather</li> </ul></div>
修改为 HTML5 语义元素 <nav>：
<nav> <ul> <li>News</li> <li>Sports</a></li> <li>Weather</li> </ul></nav>
把 id="content" 的 the <div> 元素：
<div id="content">...</div>
修改为 HTML5 语义元素 <section>：
<section>...</section>
把 class="post" 的所有 <div> 元素：
<div class="post"> <h2>News Article</h2> <p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum.</p></div>
修改为 HTML5 语义元素 <article>：
<article> <h2>News Article</h2> <p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum.</p></article>
删除这些“不再需要的”样式：
div#header,div#footer,div#content,div#post { border:1px solid grey;margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;background-color:white;}div#header,div#footer { color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;}div#content { background-color:#ddd;}div#menu ul { margin:0;padding:0;}div#menu ul li { display:inline; margin:5px;}最后您可以删除 <head> 标签。HTML5 中不再需要它们：
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><title>HTML5</title><meta charset="utf-8"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script><![endif]--><style>body { font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:0.8em;}header,footer,section,article { border:1px solid grey; margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px; background-color:white;}header,footer { color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;}section { background-color:#ddd;}nav ul { margin:0;padding:0;}nav ul li { display:inline; margin:5px;}</style><body><header> <h1>Monday Times</h1></header><nav> <ul> <li>News</li> <li>Sports</li> <li>Weather</li> </ul></nav><section><h2>News Section</h2><div id="post"> <h2>News Article</h2> <p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum.</p> <p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum.</p> <p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum.</p></div><div id="post"><h2>News Article</h2> <p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum.</p> <p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum.</p> <p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum.</p></div></section><footer> <p>© 2014 Monday Times. All rights reserved.</p></footer></body></html>在 HTML5 标准中，<article> <section> 与 <div> 之间的差异很小，令人困惑。
在 HTML5 标准中，<section> 元素被定位为相关元素的块。
<article> 元素被定义为相关元素的完整的自包含块。
<div> 元素被定义为子元素的块。
如何理解呢？
在上面的例子中，我们曾使用 <section> 作为相关 <articles> 的容器。
但是，我们也能够把 <article> 用作文章的容器。
下面是一些不同的例子：
<article> 中的 <article>：<article><h2>Famous Cities</h2><article><h2>London</h2><p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p></article><article><h2>Paris</h2><p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p></article><article><h2>Tokyo</h2><p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p></article></article>
<article> 中的 <div>：<article><h2>Famous Cities</h2><div class="city"><h2>London</h2><p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p></div><div class="city"><h2>Paris</h2><p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p></div><div class="city"><h2>Tokyo</h2><p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p></div></article>
<article> 中的 <section> 中的 <div>：<article><section><h2>Famous Cities</h2><div class="city"><h2>London</h2><p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p></div><div class="city"><h2>Paris</h2><p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p></div><div class="city"><h2>Tokyo</h2><p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p></div></section><section><h2>Famous Countries</h2><div class="country"><h2>England</h2><p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p></div><div class="country"><h2>France</h2><p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p></div><div class="country"><h2>Japan</h2><p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p></div></section></article>