SQLite Having 子句
HAVING 子句允许指定条件来过滤将出现在最终结果中的分组结果。
WHERE 子句在所选列上设置条件,而 HAVING 子句则在由 GROUP BY 子句创建的分组上设置条件。
语法
下面是 HAVING 子句在 SELECT 查询中的位置:
SELECTFROMWHEREGROUP BYHAVINGORDER BY
在一个查询中,HAVING 子句必须放在 GROUP BY 子句之后,必须放在 ORDER BY 子句之前。下面是包含 HAVING 子句的 SELECT 语句的语法:
SELECT column1, column2FROM table1, table2WHERE [ conditions ]GROUP BY column1, column2HAVING [ conditions ]ORDER BY column1, column2
实例
假设 COMPANY 表有以下记录:
ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------1 Paul 32 California 20000.02 Allen 25 Texas 15000.03 Teddy 23 Norway 20000.04 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000.05 David 27 Texas 85000.06 Kim 22 South-Hall 45000.07 James 24 Houston 10000.08 Paul 24 Houston 20000.09 James 44 Norway 5000.010 James 45 Texas 5000.0
下面是一个实例,它将显示名称计数小于 2 的所有记录:
sqlite > SELECT * FROM COMPANY GROUP BY name HAVING count(name) < 2;
这将产生以下结果:
ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------2 Allen 25 Texas 150005 David 27 Texas 850006 Kim 22 South-Hall 450004 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 650003 Teddy 23 Norway 20000
下面是一个实例,它将显示名称计数大于 2 的所有记录:
sqlite > SELECT * FROM COMPANY GROUP BY name HAVING count(name) > 2;
这将产生以下结果:
ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------10 James 45 Texas 5000